Ijeneretha Yegesi Yemvelo: Izinzuzo, Ukungalungi kanye Nokubuka Konke

1. Iyini Isethi Yokukhiqiza Igesi Yemvelo?

Ijenereyitha yegesi yemvelo iyithuluzi lokuphehla amandla okushisa langaphakathi elinesimiso sokusebenza esifana nejenereyitha kaphethiloli, elihluka kakhulu ngohlobo lukaphethiloli. Lisebenza ngama-fuel egesi avuthayo okuhlanganisa igesi yemvelo yepayipi, i-LNG (igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe) kanye ne-biogas. Ukushiswa kwegesi kusunduza ama-piston ukuguqula amandla okushisa abe amandla omshini, futhi ekugcineni abe amandla kagesi.

Izici ezivelele kakhulu zabakhiqizi abanjalo yilezi:ikhono lokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuxhunywe kugridi kanye nokubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahliweZingasebenza njengemishini yokuphakelwa kwamandla eyinhloko kanye namayunithi kagesi asebenza ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, zisebenza njengemishini ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwamandla asatshalaliswayo.

2. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zamajeneretha Egesi Yemvelo: Ilungele Isidingo Samandla Aluhlaza Emadolobheni

2.1 Ukukhishwa Okuphansi Kakhulu Komoya kanye Nobungani Bemvelo

Ukusebenza kwemvelo kungamandla avelele kakhulu abakhiqizi begesi yemvelo. Ibuswa yi-methane, igesi yemvelo isha ngokuphelele nangokuhlanzekile, cishe ayikhiqizi lutho oluyinhlayiya noma ukungcola kwe-sulfide futhi iqeda ngokuphelele intuthu emnyama kanye nokukhishwa okunobuthi okuhlobene nabakhiqizi bedizili. Ukukhishwa kwayo kwe-nitrogen oxide kuphansi kakhulu kunokwemishini kaphethiloli yendabuko. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-nitrogen ephansi, ingahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, emiphakathini yokuhlala, ezibhedlela, ezindaweni ezinhle nasezikhungweni zedatha, okwenza kube inketho ekhethwayo yeziteshi zamandla zasemadolobheni ezizihlinzeka zona.

2.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Aphezulu Nokonga Amandla Okuphawulekayo

Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okuzimele kulinganiselwe, abakhiqizi begesi yemvelo baziqhenya ngokusebenza okuhlukileinzuzo yokushisa namandla ahlanganisiwe (CHP). Ukushisa okungcolile okuvela ejazini lesilinda amanzi kanye negesi yoketshezi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kungaphinde kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele ukuze kufudunyezwe, kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi ashisayo asekhaya kanye nokukhiqizwa komusi wezimboni. Amajeneretha kagesi avamile aguqula cishe u-35% wamandla abe ugesi, kanti amayunithi kagesi emvelo e-CHP afinyelela izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla eliphelele elingu-80% kuya ku-90%, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele futhi kunikeze izinzuzo ezimangalisayo zokonga amandla zesikhathi eside.

2.3 Ukusebenza Okuphephile Nokunomsindo Ophansi

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, igesi yemvelo ayixinene kakhulu kunomoya futhi isakazeka ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukuvuza, ngaphandle kwezinsalela zoketshezi zokungcolisa inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba njengodizili noma uphethiloli, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi begesi yemvelo basebenza ngokudlidliza nomsindo omncane kakhulu kunabakhiqizi bedizili abalinganayo, abadingi ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokunciphisa umsindo ukuze bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokulawula umsindo zamafektri nezindawo zokuhlala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kokuqala nokuyeka kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo komthwalo. Ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-24, ziyasebenza futhi ekulawulweni komthwalo ophezulu kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuphuthumayo okuzinzile okuguquguqukayo.

2.4 Umthwalo Womsebenzi Wokulungisa Ophansi kanye Nempilo Ende Yesevisi

Uma kuqhathaniswa namajeneretha kadizili, amayunithi egesi yemvelo asusa izingxenye zikaphethiloli ezinembile njengezipompo zikaphethiloli ezinomfutho ophezulu kanye nama-injector kaphethiloli, okunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wokulungisa uhlelo lukaphethiloli futhi kwandise imijikelezo yokulungisa ukushintshwa kukaphethiloli kanye nemishini. Isikhathi senkonzo yokuklama sisonke sifinyelela emahoreni okusebenza angu-60,000 kuya ku-100,000 ngezikhawu ezinde zokulungisa. Njengoba zihlonyiswe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, zisekela ukuqapha okude, ukuyeka ukuqala okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokushintsha igridi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokugcinwa okulula kwansuku zonke.

2.5 Izinqubomgomo Ezinhle Nezindleko Zokusebenza Ezizinzile

Njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, igesi yemvelo inezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ezweni lonke zokukhiqizwa kwamandla okusatshalaliswa kanye namaphrojekthi e-CHP, okuhlanganisa amanani kaphethiloli akhethekile, izibonelelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokwehliswa kwentela. Okwamanje, amanani kaphethiloli emvelo ahlala eqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa namanani kaphethiloli aguquguqukayo, okugwema ngempumelelo ukuguquguquka kwezindleko zokusebenza okubangelwa ukushintsha kwentengo kaphethiloli.

3. Imikhawulo Engokwemvelo Yamajeneretha Egesi Yemvelo: Ayifaneleki Kuzo Zonke Izimo

3.1 Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu Zokutshalwa Kwezimali

Amasethi ejeneretha yegesi yemvelo anentengo ephezulu yokuthengwa kweyunithi kunejeneretha yedizili enesilinganiso samandla esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, adinga izinsiza ezisekelayo ezifana namadivayisi okulawula nokuhlunga ingcindezi yegesi, amapayipi angaqhumi, ama-alamu okuvuza kwegesi kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya eziphoqelelwe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kobunjiniyela bokwakha kanye nemishini yokusiza kuphakamisa izidingo zesabelomali kusengaphambili zamaphrojekthi.

3.2 Ukuthembela Kakhulu Ekuhlinzekweni Kwegesi Ezinzile Okunemikhawulo Yesimo

Amajeneretha egesi yemvelo awakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwegesi. Izindawo zasemadolobheni ezinenethiwekhi yamapayipi egesi yemvelo kamasipala zijabulela ukunikezwa kwegesi okuzinzile nokulula, kuyilapho izindawo zokwakha ezikude nezindawo zasensimini ezingenayo ipayipi zithembele emathangini okugcina i-LNG, athatha indawo enkulu futhi athole izindleko ezengeziwe zokuthutha uphethiloli kanye nokugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yegesi kanye nobumsulwa kuthinta ngqo ukuphuma kwamandla, futhi ukungcola okweqile kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwemishini futhi kuphazamise ukuzinza kokusebenza. Ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegesi kuzoholela ekuvalweni kwamayunithi ngokushesha, okuholela ekuthembekeni okuphuthumayo okuphansi kunejeneretha yedizili enezinqolobane zikaphethiloli ezigcinwayo.

3.3 Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhiqiza Ugesi Ozimele Okuphansi Kunamajeneretha Kaphethiloli

Ezimweni ezihilela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuphela ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahlwayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamayunithi egesi yemvelo kusuka ku-35% kuya ku-42%, okuphansi kancane kunokusebenza kahle kwamajeneretha kadizili angu-40%–46%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amajeneretha egesi yemvelo awanikezi inzuzo yezomnotho ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushisa. Inani lawo eliyinhloko lingabonakala ngokugcwele kuphela ngohlelo lokubuyisa ukushisa okulahlwayo oluhambisanayo.

3.4 Imininingwane Yokwakha Nokuphepha Eqinile

Ngenxa yokuthi igesi yemvelo iyasha futhi iyaqhuma, amazinga okwakha amakamelo okuphehla igesi yemvelo aqinile kakhulu kunalawo amakamelo ajwayelekile okuphehla idizili. Indawo kumele ifakwe izinto zikagesi ezingaqhumi, imishini yokungenisa umoya ephoqelelwe, izikhala zokukhulula ukuqhuma kanye nezinhlelo zokuthola igesi kanye nokukhipha umoya. Izindinganiso eziphakeme zokwakha nokuvuselela zidinga ukuhlela indawo okuqinile kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwansuku zonke kwamapayipi egesi kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu ukuze kuqedwe izingozi ezingaba khona.

3.5 Ukuzivumelanisa Okubi Nokusebenza Kokushisa Okuphansi Nomthwalo Ophansi

Ezimweni zasebusika ezibandayo kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwegesi encishisiwe kanye nesilinganiso sengxube esingalingani kuzokwandisa ubunzima bokuqala kokubanda, okudinga imishini eyengeziwe yokushisa igesi kanye nemishini yokushisa yegumbi lejeneretha ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezinokushisa okuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe ongu-30% kuzobangela ukushisa okungaphelele kanye nokufakwa kwekhabhoni, okusheshisa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye ezisengozini njenge-spark plugs kanye nama-ignition coil, okubiza kakhulu ngawo ukushintshwa kwawo.

4. Izimo Ezifanele Zokukhetha Imishini

Njengoba kubonakala ngezinzuzo nezimbi ezingenhla, abakhiqizi begesi yemvelokuncike kakhulu ezimwenifuthi akuyona ikhambi elifanela wonke umuntu.

Zifaneleka kakhulu ezimweni ezineukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yepayipi elizinzile, isidingo sokushisa kanye namanzi ashisayo, izidingo eziqinile zemvelo kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, njengemiklamo ye-CHP esatshalaliswe emapaki ezimboni zasemadolobheni, ezibhedlela, emahhotela, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nasemafektri.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, abakhiqizi bedizili banikeza ukusebenza okungcono kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle kuizindawo ezikude ezingenayo imibhobho yegesi, izimo zokulinda eziphuthumayo zesikhashana, izindawo ezingenasidingo sokusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahliwe, kanye nokusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo kakhulu nezinomthwalo omncane.

5. Isiphetho

Njengedivayisi yokukhiqiza ugesi esezingeni eliphezulu enkathini yamandla ahlanzekile, abakhiqizi begesi yemvelo babonisa ubungane nemvelo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphelele, ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokugcinwa okulula, okuhambisana kahle nesidingo sentuthuko yasemadolobheni engenawo ugesi ongcolile. Kodwa-ke, banamaphutha angokwemvelo afaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu, ukuncika ekuhlinzekweni kwegesi, imikhawulo yesimo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okungekuhle kokushisa okuphansi.

Kafushane,amajeneretha egesi yemvelo ayathandwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho kutholakala khona igesi, isidingo sokushisa kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside; amajeneretha edizili afaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni zasensimini lapho kungekho khona igesi, lapho kulindelwa khona isikhathi esifushane kanye nokusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile.Ukukhetha imishini ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zokusetshenziswa, izimo zendawo kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kungakhulisa inani lemishini futhi kulinganise ukonga amandla kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.