Isihlanzi sokukhipha ugesi esomile, esaziwa kakhulu ngokuthiIsihlungi se-Diesel Particulate (DPF)noma isihlanzi somusi omnyama owomile, iyithuluzi eliyinhloko elisetshenziswa ngemuva kokwelashwa ukususaizinto ezincane (PM), ikakhulukaziintuthu emnyama (i-carbon soot), kusukelaijeneretha kadiziliIsebenza ngokuhlunga okungokoqobo ngaphandle kokuthembela kunoma yiziphi izithasiselo zoketshezi, yingakho igama elithi "omile."
I. Isimiso Sokusebenza: Ukuhlunga Okungokwenyama Nokuvuselelwa Kabusha
Isimiso sayo sokusebenza singafingqwa njengezinqubo ezintathu:"Thatha - Qoqa - Vuselela."
- Ukuthwebula (Ukuhlunga):
- Igesi yokukhipha umoya eshisa kakhulu evela enjinini ingena kumshini wokuhlanza bese igeleza ngesakhi sokuhlunga esenziwe nge-ceramic enezimbobo (isb., i-cordierite, i-silicon carbide) noma insimbi eshisiwe.
- Izindonga zesici sokuhlunga zimbozwe ngama-micropores (ngokuvamile amancane kune-1 micron), avumela amagesi (isb., i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, umhwamuko wamanzi) ukuthi adlule kodwa abambe amakhulu.izinhlayiya eziqinile (umlotha, umlotha) kanye nezingxenyana eziphilayo ezincibilikayo (i-SOF)ngaphakathi noma ebusweni besihlungi.
- Qoqa:
- Izinhlayiya ezivalelekile ziyakhana kancane kancane ngaphakathi kwesihlungi, zakha "ikhekhe lomusi." Njengoba ukunqwabelana kwanda, umfutho wokukhipha ugesi uyanda kancane kancane.
- Vuselela:
- Uma ingcindezi yokukhipha ugesi ifinyelela umkhawulo ohleliwe (othinta ukusebenza kwenjini), uhlelo kumele luqalise"ukuvuselelwa"inqubo yokushisa indle eqongelelekile esihlungini, ibuyisele amandla ayo okuhlunga.
- Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuyinqubo eyinhloko, okufezwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthi:
- Ukuvuselelwa Okungenamsebenzi: Uma isethi yejeneretha isebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya liyakhuphuka ngokwemvelo (ngokuvamile >350°C). Umsi obambekile usabela nama-nitrogen oxides (NO₂) kugesi yokukhipha umoya bese ukhipha umoya (uyasha kancane). Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kodwa ngokuvamile ayanele ukuhlanza ngokuphelele.
- Ukuvuselelwa Okusebenzayo: Kuqalwa ngenkani lapho ukucindezeleka kwangemuva kuphezulu kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya linganele.
- Isishisi (esisetshenziswa uphethiloli): Inani elincane likadizili lifakwa phezulu kwe-DPF bese lishiswa yi-burner, okuphakamisa izinga lokushisa legesi elingena kwi-DPF liye ngaphezu kuka-600°C, okubangela ukushiswa okusheshayo kwe-oxidation kanye nokusha kwe-soot.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Heater Kagesi: Isici sokuhlunga sishiswa endaweni yokushisa yensila kusetshenziswa izinto zokushisa zikagesi.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Microwave: Isebenzisa amandla e-microwave ukuze ifudumale ngokukhethekile izinhlayiya zomshoshaphansi.
II. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko
Uhlelo oluphelele lokuhlanza okomile luvame ukufaka:
- Isici Sokuhlunga se-DPF: Iyunithi yokuhlunga eyinhloko.
- Inzwa Yokucindezela Okuhlukile (Ephezulu/Ezansi): Iqapha umehluko wokucindezela kulo lonke isihlungi, inquma izinga lomthwalo we-soot, futhi iqalise isignali yokuvuselela.
- Izinzwa Zokushisa: Qapha amazinga okushisa okungena/okuphuma ukuze ulawule inqubo yokuvuselela futhi uvimbele umonakalo wokushisa ngokweqile.
- Isistimu Yokuvuselela Nokulawula: Ilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqala nokuyeka kohlelo lokuvuselela ngokusekelwe kumasignali avela kuzinzwa zokucindezela kanye nokushisa.
- I-Actuator Yokuvuselela: Njengomshini wokujova udizili, isishisi, idivayisi yokushisa kagesi, njll.
- Isendlalelo Sezindlu Nokushisisa: Ukuze kugcinwe ingcindezi kanye nokugcina ukushisa.
III. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi
| Izinzuzo | Ukungalungi |
| Ukusebenza Kahle Kokususa Uthuli Oluphezulu: Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-soot (intuthu emnyama), kungafinyelela ku->95%, kunciphisa ubumnyama beRingelmann bufike ezingeni 0-1. | Kukhulisa ukucindezeleka emuva: Kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuphefumula kwenjini, kungaholela ekwandeni okuncane kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (cishe u-1-3%). |
| Akukho Luketshezi Olusetshenziswayo OludingekayoNgokungafani ne-SCR (edinga i-urea), idinga amandla kagesi kanye nenani elincane ledizili ukuze ivuselelwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe ezingasetshenziswa. | Ukulungiswa Okuyinkimbinkimbi: Kudinga ukuhlanzwa komlotha njalo (ukususwa komlotha ongashi) kanye nokuhlolwa. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha okungaphumeleli kungaholela ekuvalekeni kwesihlungi noma ekuncibilikeni. |
| Isakhiwo Esincane: Uhlelo lulula kakhulu, lunesikhala esincane, futhi kulula ukulifaka. | Izwela Ikhwalithi Kaphethiloli: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwesibabule kudizili kukhiqiza ama-sulfate, futhi okuqukethwe okuphezulu komlotha kusheshisa ukuvalwa kwesihlungi, okuthinta impilo kanye nokusebenza kahle. |
| Uhlose uNdunankulu Ngokuyinhloko: Idivayisi eqondile nephumelelayo kakhulu yokuxazulula intuthu emnyama ebonakalayo kanye nezinto ezincane. | Ayiphathi i-NOx: Ngokuyinhloko ihlose izinto ezincane; inethonya elilinganiselwe kuma-nitrogen oxides. Idinga ukuhlanganiswa nohlelo lwe-SCR ukuze kulandelwe ngokuphelele. |
| Ilungele Ukusebenza KwesikhashanaUma kuqhathaniswa ne-SCR edinga izimo zokushisa ezihlala isikhathi eside, i-DPF iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemijikelezo yomsebenzi ehlukahlukene. | Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuphezulu Kokuqala: Ikakhulukazi kuma-purifier asetshenziswa kumasethi ejeneretha anamandla amakhulu. |
IV. Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokusetshenziswa
- Izindawo Ezinezidingo Eziqinile Zokukhipha Ukungcola: Amandla okusekelayo ezikhungo zedatha, izibhedlela, amahhotela aphezulu, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, njll., ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwentuthu emnyama.
- Izindawo Zasemadolobheni Nezinabantu Abaningi: Ukuthobela imithethonqubo yezemvelo yendawo nokugwema izikhalazo.
- Amasethi Ejeneretha Afakwe Ngaphakathi: Kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni ukukhishwa komoya ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi kanye nokuphepha kohlelo lokungenisa umoya.
- Izimboni Ezikhethekile: Iziteshi zokuxhumana, ukumbiwa komhlaba (uhlobo olungaqhumi), imikhumbi, amachweba, njll.
- Njengengxenye Yesistimu Ehlanganisiwe: Kuhlanganiswe ne-SCR (yokuhlanzwa kwe-nitrification) kanye ne-DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke ze-IV / V noma eziphezulu zokukhishwa kwegesi.
V. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Uphethiloli kanye namafutha enjini: Kumelwe kusetshenzisweudizili one-sulfure ephansi(okungcono okuqukethwe kwesulfure <10ppm) kanyeuwoyela wenjini onomlotha ophansi (ibanga le-CJ-4 noma ngaphezulu). I-sulfur nomlotha omningi yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zokudakwa kwe-DPF, ukuvaleka kwayo, kanye nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokuphila.
- Izimo Zokusebenza: Gwema ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwejeneretha ebekwe emithwalweni ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okuphansi kokukhipha ugesi, kuvimbele ukuvuselelwa okwenziwa ngaphandle kokwenza futhi kubangele ukuvuselelwa okwenziwa njalo, okusebenzisa amandla amaningi.
- Ukuqapha Nokunakekela:
- Qapha eduzeukucindezela kokukhipha ugesi emuvafuthiizibani zesikhombisi sokuvuselela.
- Yenza njaloisevisi yokuhlanza umlotha yobungcweti(ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe noma imishini yokuhlanza ekhethekile) ukususa umlotha wensimbi (i-calcium, i-zinc, i-phosphorus, njll.).
- Hlela amarekhodi okugcinwa, ubhale phansi izikhathi zokuvuselelwa kanye nezinguquko zokucindezeleka emuva.
- Ukufaniswa Kwesistimu: Isihlanzi kumele sikhethwe futhi sifaniswe ngokusekelwe kumodeli ethile yesethi yejeneretha, ukufuduka, amandla alinganisiwe, kanye nesivinini sokugeleza kokukhipha. Ukufaniswa okungalungile kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nokuphila kwenjini.
- Ukuphepha: Ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, izinga lokushisa lendlu yokuhlanza liphezulu kakhulu. Ukuvikela ukushisa okufanele, izimpawu zokuxwayisa, kanye nokugcina kude nezinto ezivuthayo kubalulekile.
Isifinyezo
Isihlanzisi-moya esomile (i-DPF) siyi-ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu, obujwayelekileyokuxazululaintuthu emnyama ebonakalayo kanye nokungcoliswa kwezinto ezincanekusukelaamasethi ejeneretha kadiziliIbamba i-carbon soot ngokuhlunga okungokoqobo futhi isebenza ngokujikeleza ngokuvuselelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo kuncike kakhulu ku-usayizi ofanele, ikhwalithi kaphethiloli enhle, izimo zokusebenza ezifanele zejeneretha, kanye nokugcinwa okuqinile ngezikhathi ezithileUma ukhetha futhi usebenzisa i-DPF, kufanele ibhekwe njengengxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yesethi yenjini nejeneretha iyonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2025
