Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Amathangi Amanzi Amasethi Ejeneretha Kadizili: Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Komehluko Phakathi Kwezinto Zethusi Ne-Aluminium kanye Nokukhethwa Kwezincazelo Zokushisa
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sokuvikelwa kwamandla okusekelayo emikhakheni efana nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, kanye nezikhungo zedatha,amasethi ejeneretha kadizili, njengemishini eyinhloko yokuhlinzeka ngogesi ophuthumayo, idonsele ukunaka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo okuzinzile. Njengesikhungo "sokulawula izinga lokushisa" samasethi ejeneretha, ithangi lamanzi linesibopho sokuqeda ukushisa okukhulu okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphila kwesevisi yeyunithi. Kodwa-ke, izinto zethangi lamanzi zamasethi ejeneretha kadizili emakethe zihlukaniswe ngethusi ne-aluminium, kanti izincazelo zokushisa zingama-40°C nama-50°C. Abathengi abaningi banokudideka ekukhetheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto kanye namaphuzu ayisihluthulelo okukhetha izincazelo zokushisa, sinikeze izinkomba zokuthengwa nokusetshenziswa kwemboni.
Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwamathangi Amanzi Ethusi Ne-Aluminium: Ukusebenza, Izindleko kanye Nezimo Zokusetshenziswa Zinezinhloso Zazo.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemboni, amathangi amanzi amasethi ejenereyitha kadizili emakethe asebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezimbili: ithusi ne-aluminium. Lawa amabili anomehluko omkhulu ezinkombeni ezibalulekile njengokuqhuba ukushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezindleko, futhi izimo zokusetshenziswa kwawo nazo zigxile kuzo.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kokushisa kanye nokushabalalisa ukushisa, ukuqina kokushisa kwethusi kuphakeme njengo-401W/mK, okuphindwe ka-1.7 kune-aluminium (237W/mK). Ngaphansi kokushisa okufanayo kwamanzi, umehluko wokushisa komoya, izimo zendawo kanye nobukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa kwamatangi amanzi ethusi kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwamatangi amanzi e-aluminium, okunganciphisa izinga lokushisa leyunithi ngokushesha futhi kufaneleka ezimweni ezinezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza kahle kokushabalalisa ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokushabalalisa ukushisa kwamatangi amanzi e-aluminium nalo lihle kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-aluminium plate-fin esilungiselelwe kahle kuwanika ukuzinza okuhle kokushabalalisa ukushisa, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo zokusebenza ezivamile.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokulinganisa impilo yokusebenza kwamatangi amanzi. Ingqimba ye-oxide yethusi inzima futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-aluminium. Emanzini emvelo, izixazululo ze-acid ezibuthakathaka kanye ne-alkali, kanye nezimo zenkungu ezisogwini ezinosawoti omningi, ungqimba lwe-oxide lwamatangi amanzi ethusi akulula ukulonakalisa, futhi impilo yokusebenza inde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kulinganisela, futhi kuphela
Izwela ezindaweni ezine-acidic. Ithangi lamanzi le-aluminium ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo lifinyelele ijubane eliphezulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwendawo eyisisekelo se-aluminium alloy kanye nokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokumboza okulwa nokugqwala, ukumelana kwethangi lamanzi le-aluminium ezintweni ezivamile zokugqwala ku-antifreeze kukhuliswa kakhulu, futhi lingazivumelanisa ngempumelelo nendawo ene-alkaline (inani le-PH elingaphezu kuka-7) le-antifreeze yenjini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo yethangi lamanzi le-aluminium ephezulu nayo idlule ekumelaneni okuqinile kokufuthwa kukasawoti kanye nokuhlolwa komjikelezo wokushintshana kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Impilo yabo yesevisi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile ingalinganiswa neyamathangi amanzi ethusi, futhi ukusebenza okuzinzile kungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwamanzi ompompi noma i-coolant esezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kuye kwaqashelwa nabakhiqizi bezinjini eziphezulu. Isibonelo, amathangi amanzi okuqala ezinjini zeVolvo asebenzisa izinto ze-aluminium. Izinto zawo ze-aluminium alloy eziphathwe ngokukhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokushisela ngokunemba kungafanelana ngokuphelele nezidingo zokushabalalisa ukushisa kanye nokuqina kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima njengamaloli anzima kanye nemishini yokwakha, okuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuthembeka kwamathangi amanzi e-aluminium ephezulu.
Ngokuphathelene nezindleko nesisindo, amathangi amanzi e-aluminium anezinzuzo ezisobala ezingenakuphikwa. Intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa zethusi iphakeme kakhulu kuneye-aluminium, okuholela ezindleleni eziphakeme kakhulu zamathangi amanzi ethusi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisindo se-aluminium siyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yesothusi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathangi amanzi e-aluminium kunganciphisa ngempumelelo isisindo esiphelele sohlelo lokupholisa injini, kuhambisane nomkhuba wemishini elula, bese kuthuthukisa ukonga kukaphethiloli womshini wonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo akuzange kunciphise le nzuzo eyinhloko, futhi ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwenze ukulawulwa kwezindleko zamathangi amanzi e-aluminium asebenza kahle kakhulu kube ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwemakethe, abakhiqizi besethi yejenereyitha yedizili abavamile abasebenzisa kakhulu amathangi amanzi e-aluminium ukulawula izindleko, kodwa amayunithi amaningi aphezulu nawo aqala ukusebenzisa amathangi amanzi e-aluminium. Isibonelo, ukucushwa kokuqala kwemikhiqizo yezinjini eyaziwayo njengeVolvo kufakazela ukuthi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza, amathangi amanzi e-aluminium angalinganisa izindleko, isisindo nokuthembeka, futhi abe ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu. Yiqiniso, ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu njengenkungu enosawoti omningi ogwini, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokugqwala okuphezulu, amathangi amanzi ethusi asenezinzuzo ezithile, kodwa ezimweni eziningi zokusebenza ezivamile neziphakathi nendawo, amathangi amanzi e-aluminium ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo angaqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuzinza.
Ukukhethwa Kwamathangi Amanzi angu-40°C kanye no-50°C: Ukuzivumelanisa Nezinga Lokushisa Eliphakathi Lendawo Yokusetshenziswa
Ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha, ukucaciswa kwezinga lokushisa (40°C, 50°C) lethangi lamanzi nakho kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe ekukhetheni. Isihluthulelo sokukhetha sisekufaneni kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kanye nezimo zokushabalalisa ukushisa kwendawo yokusetshenziswa kwesethi yejeneretha, okuthinta ngqo ukuzinza kokukhishwa kwamandla kweyunithi.
Embonini, ububanzi obufanele bezinhlobo ezimbili zamathangi amanzi buvame ukuchazwa yizinga lokushisa elijwayelekile. Amathangi amanzi angu-40°C afaneleka ezimweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi elijwayelekile kanye nezimo ezinhle zokushabalalisa ukushisa, njengezimo zasentwasahlobo nasekwindla ezishisayo nezishisayo, noma amakamelo omshini angaphakathi anezimo zokungenisa umoya ezingcono kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwethangi lamanzi lunemigqa emine yamapayipi, umthamo wamanzi omncane kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zokushabalalisa ukushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezivamile, futhi izindleko zingcono kakhulu.
Amathangi amanzi angu-50°C aklanyelwe izimo zokushisa okuphezulu nokubi, anezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemiphumela engcono yokushisa. Ezindaweni ezishisayo (njengamazwe anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengeGibhithe neSaudi Arabia), izindawo zasehlobo ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, noma izimo zokusebenza lapho isethi yejeneretha ifakwe ibhokisi elithule noma ibekwe endaweni evaliwe enokushisa okulinganiselwe, kufanele kukhethwe amathangi amanzi angu-50°C. Uma ithangi lamanzi elingu-40°C lisetshenziswa ngephutha endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile liseduze no-40°C, iyunithi ithambekele ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-viscosity kawoyela, ukwehla komphumela wokugcoba, ukuguguleka okusheshayo kwezingxenye, ngisho nokuqhekeka kwesilinda, ukubanjwa kanye nokunye ukwehluleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingabangela nokulahlekelwa amandla eyunithi futhi yehluleke ukufinyelela amandla okukhipha alinganisiwe.
Ochwepheshe Bemboni Banikeza Iziphakamiso Zokukhetha
Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwamathangi amanzi, ochwepheshe bemboni basikisela ukuthi abathengi kudingeka bacabangele ngokuphelele izici ezintathu eziyinhloko: indawo yokusebenzisa, amandla eyunithi, kanye nesabelomali sezindleko. Ezimweni zokusebenza ezivamile kanye nabasebenzisi abakhathalela izindleko, bangakwazi ukubeka phambili amathangi amanzi e-aluminium angu-40°C athuthukisiwe, okusebenza kwawo okungahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi; ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, izikhala ezivaliwe noma izimo ezinokushabalaliswa kokushisa okulinganiselwe, kufanele kukhethwe amathangi amanzi angu-50°C, futhi kunemikhiqizo ye-aluminium evuthiwe esebenza kahle etholakalayo yamathangi amanzi anjalo; kumayunithi afana nezinjini ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengeVolvo, noma izimo zokusebenza eziphakathi nendawo ezilandela ukungabi lula nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, amathangi amanzi e-aluminium ayisinqumo esithembekile ezingeni lokuqala lefektri; kuphela ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu njengenkungu enosawoti omningi ogwini, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokugqwala okuphezulu, kunconywa ukukhetha amathangi amanzi ethusi, bese uqhathanisa ne-antifreeze yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kulungiswe njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lwethangi lamanzi elikhethiwe, kufanele lithengwe ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zomkhiqizo nezinqubo ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso, futhi ukubukeka, ukusebenza kokuvala kanye nesimo sokupholisa sethangi lamanzi kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesethi yejeneretha.
Abantu abangaphakathi embonini bathi njengengxenye ebalulekile yamasethi ejenereyitha kadizili, isayensi yokukhetha amathangi amanzi ihlobene ngqo nokuthembeka kokusebenza kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yemishini. Ngokuthuthuka kwezidingo zemboni zesiqinisekiso sokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo zokuklama amathangi amanzi zihlala zithuthukiswa. Esikhathini esizayo, azothuthuka ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokukhanya, anikeze izixazululo ezinembile kakhulu zesiqinisekiso sokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ezimweni ezahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-13-2026
