Njengemishini eyinhloko yokuphakelwa kukagesi kwezimboni, kwezentengiselwano kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo,amasethi ejeneretha kadizilizisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi eside, zibhekene nezingozi eziningi ezifana nokuguguleka kwemishini, izinga lokushisa elingavamile kanye nokugcwala kukagesi ngokweqile. Uhlelo Lokuvikela Olune luyilungiselelo eliyisihluthulelo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweyunithi okuzinzile, ukugwema ukulimala kwezingxenye eziyinhloko nokwandisa impilo yesevisi. Ngokuqapha amapharamitha ayisihluthulelo ngesikhathi sangempela, luxwayisa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi luvale uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, lwakha umugqa wokuvikela oqinile weyunithi.
I. Incazelo kanye Nenani Lohlelo Lokuvikela Olune
Izivikelo ezine zeamasethi ejeneretha kadizilingokuvamile kubhekisela emisebenzini emine eyinhloko embonini: Ukuvikelwa Kokushisa Kwamanzi Okuphezulu, Ukuvikelwa Kokucindezela Kukawoyela Okuphansi, Ukuvikelwa Komsinga Ongaphezu Komkhawulo, kanye Nokuvikelwa Komthwalo Ongaphezu Komkhawulo. Lezi zivikelo ezine zihlose amaphuzu ayinhloko engozi ohlelweni lwemishini yenjini, uhlelo lokugcoba kanye nohlelo lukagesi lwejeneretha ngokulandelana, okwakha uhlelo lokuvikela oluphindwe kabili "lwemishini + ugesi".
Inani layo eliyinhloko yileli: lapho amapharamitha okusebenza eyunithi edlula umkhawulo wokuphepha, ingaqala ngokushesha izenzo zokuvikela ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla, igweme umonakalo ongeke ulungiseke njengokulinganisa isilinda, ukusha kwe-bearing kanye nokushiswa kokujikeleza okubangelwa ukwanda kwamaphutha, futhi inciphise kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokulahlekelwa yisikhathi sokuphumula.
II. Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yemisebenzi Emine Yokuvikela
(1) Ukuvikelwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Lamanzi
Ukuvikelwa kokushisa kwamanzi aphezulu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuvikela uhlelo lokupholisa injini, okuvimbela umonakalo wokushisa ngokweqile obangelwa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okubi.
- Isimiso Sokuqapha: Inzwa yokushisa kwamanzi efakwe ku-injini block noma ku-radiator outlet iqoqa izinga lokushisa lokupholisa ngesikhathi sangempela bese ilidlulisela ku-control module.
- Umkhawulo Wokuvikela: Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, ukuvikelwa kuyaqaliswa lapho izinga lokushisa le-coolant lidlula u-90℃ ngesivinini esiphansi, u-95℃ ngesivinini esiphezulu, noma u-98℃ kwamanye amamodeli.
- Indlela Yokusebenza: Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula umkhawulo, i-control module iqala ithumele ama-alamu omsindo nokukhanya; uma izinga lokushisa liqhubeka likhuphuka, linqamula ngokushesha ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-fuel solenoid valve ukuze kumiswe ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli futhi kuphoqe iyunithi ukuthi ivale, kugwenywe ukuguqulwa kwe-cylinder liner, ukubanjwa kwe-piston kanye nomonakalo we-cylinder gasket.
(2) Ukuvikelwa Kokucindezela Okuphansi Kwamafutha
Ukuvikelwa komfutho ophansi kawoyela "kuyimbangela" yesistimu yemishini yenjini, okuvimbela ukungqubuzana okomile kanye nokuguguleka okukhulu kwezingxenye ezihambayo ngenxa yokuntuleka komfutho kawoyela.
- Isimiso Sokuqapha: Inzwa yokucindezela uwoyela efakwe kugalari enkulu kawoyela iqapha ukucindezela uwoyela ngesikhathi sangempela futhi iguqula isignali yokucindezela ibe impendulo yesignali kagesi kumojuli yokulawula.
- Umkhawulo Wokuvikela: Umkhawulo uyahlukahluka kancane phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ubhekwa njengephutha lomfutho ophansi kawoyela lapho umfutho kawoyela ungaphansi kuka-0.1MPa ngesivinini esingasebenzi noma u-0.2–0.3MPa ngesivinini esilinganiselwe.
- Indlela Yokusebenza: Iyunithi ixwayisa ngokushesha lapho ingcindezi ingaphansi kwenani lokuphepha; uma ingcindezi ingabuyiselwa, i-control module inqamula ngokushesha isekethe kaphethiloli futhi iphoqelele ukuvalwa ukuze kuqedwe ukwehluleka okubulalayo njengokubanjwa yi-crankshaft bearing, i-bearing bush ablation kanye nokuguguleka kwe-camshaft.
(3) Ukuvikelwa Kokugeleza Komsinga
Ukuvikelwa kokushisa ngokweqile kuhlose isekethe yokukhipha ijeneretha, ukuvimbela ukunyuka kokushisa okungavamile okubangelwa isekethe esifushane somthwalo noma umthelela osheshayo ovela ekushiseni kwama-winding ejeneretha kanye nezingxenye zikagesi.
- Isimiso Sokuqapha: I-transformer yamanje iqoqa idatha yamanje yezigaba ezintathu ku-terminal yokukhipha i-generator, bese i-control module iyiqhathanisa ne-current elinganisiwe ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Umkhawulo Wokuvikela: Iphutha lamandla angaphezulu linqunywa lapho amandla okukhipha edlula izikhathi ezingu-1.1–1.5 zamandla alinganiselwe eyunithi (asethwe ngokwemodeli).
- Indlela Yokusebenza: Imojuli yokulawula ixwayisa ngokushesha lapho ugesi udlula umkhawulo; uma ugesi uhlala ungajwayelekile, unqamula ngokushesha inkinobho yokukhipha ijeneretha bese uvala ukuze kugwenywe ukuguga kokushisa, ukuwohloka kwama-winding ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, noma ukulimala kwemishini kagesi yangemuva.
(4) Ukuvikelwa Komthwalo Ongaphezu Kokulindelekile
Ukuvikelwa komthwalo oweqile kuhambisana nokuvikelwa komthamo oweqile, kugxile ekuqapheni isimo sokuphuma kwamandla ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala kabili kwenjini kanye nejenereyitha lapho umthwalo udlula amandla alinganisiwe.
- Isimiso Sokuqapha: Imojuli yokulawula ibala amandla okukhipha angempela eyunithi ngesikhathi sangempela ngokuqoqa idatha ye-voltage, yamanje kanye ne-power factor.
- Umkhawulo Wokuvikela: Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile kuyaqaliswa lapho amandla okukhipha angempela edlula amandla alinganiselwe ngokuphindwe ka-1.1 noma ngaphezulu.
- Indlela Yokusebenza: Iyaqala ukuxwayisa uma amandla edlula umkhawulo; uma umthwalo ungancishisiwe, i-control module ivala ukuze kugwenywe ukuma kwenjini, ukuphuka kwe-crankshaft, ukushiswa kokujikeleza kwejeneretha, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokweqile kanye nokukhishwa okukhulu komoya.
III. Imodi Yokusebenza Nokulawula
Iyunithi yokulawula eyinhloko yeSistimu Yokuvikela Ezine iyimojula yokuvikela ezine (noma ehlanganiswe kuyunithi ye-PLC/isilawuli esihlakaniphile), enomqondo ophelele we-closed-loop "wokuqapha - ukwahlulela - ukwenziwa":
- Ukuqapha Kwangempela: Izinzwa ziqoqa njalo amapharamitha afana nokushisa kwamanzi, ingcindezi kawoyela, ugesi kanye namandla, bese ziwadlulisela kumojuli yokulawula izikhathi eziningana ngomzuzwana.
- Isahlulelo Somkhawulo: Imojuli yokulawula iqhathanisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela nemingcele yokuphepha esethiwe ukuze ibone izimo ezingavamile.
- Isenzo Esilinganisiwe: Okokuqala ivula ama-alamu omsindo nokukhanya (inkomba yokukhanyisa, i-buzzer) ukuze ivumele ukuphathwa ngesandla; uma ukukhubazeka kungasuswa, ikhipha ngokushesha imiyalelo yokuvala ukuze inqume amasekethe kaphethiloli kanye nokukhipha.
- Impendulo Yesimo: Ngemva kokuvala, imojula ikhiya ikhodi yephutha ukuze abasebenzi bokulungisa bathole izinkinga ngokushesha (njengezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi i-E01, umfutho kawoyela ophansi we-E02, njll.).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodyuli yokuvikela emine ivame ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuqapha esekelayo njengokuqala kwamandla ebhethri kanye nokuqapha isivinini senjini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kokusebenza.
IV. Amaphuzu Okulungisa Kwansuku Zonke
Ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi wokuvikela okune kuncike ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwezinzwa, amamojula okulawula kanye nama-actuator. Ukugcinwa kwansuku zonke kufanele kugxile ku:
- Ukulinganiswa Kwezinzwa: Hlola njalo ukuthi izintambo zokushisa kwamanzi, umfutho kawoyela kanye nezinzwa zamanje zikhululekile yini, bese ulinganisa ukunemba kwezinzwa minyaka yonke ukuze ugweme ukusebenza kabi noma ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukuphambuka kwedatha.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwemojuli Yokulawula: Hlola imisebenzi ye-alamu kanye nokuvala kwemojuli yokuvikela emine njalo ngenyanga, ulingise amaphutha ukuze uqale izenzo zokuvikela futhi uqinisekise impendulo evamile.
- Ukulungiswa Kwe-Actuator: Hlola njalo ama-actuator afana nama-valve e-solenoid kaphethiloli kanye nama-switch okukhipha, uwoyela ohlanzekile kanye nokungcola ukuqinisekisa isenzo esibucayi.
- Ukuqinisekiswa Kwepharamitha: Hlola ukuthi izilungiselelo zomkhawulo wokuvikela zifanelekile yini ngokwezimo zokusebenza, ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka komkhawulo wokuvikela ngokweqile noma umkhawulo ophansi kakhulu obangela ukuvalwa okungamanga okuvamile.
V. Isiphetho
Uhlelo lokuvikela olune-4amasethi ejeneretha kadizili"ungunkulunkulu oqaphayo" wokusebenza kwemishini ephephile. Le misebenzi emine yenza imisebenzi yayo futhi iyabambisana, ihlanganisa ngokugcwele izingozi eziyinhloko zemishini kanye nekagesi.
Enqubweni yokukhetha, ukufaka nokusebenza kweyunithi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukucushwa nokugcinwa kohlelo lokuvikela olune ukuqinisekisa ukuthi luhlala lusebenza kahle. Kungokwakha lesi sithiyo sokuphepha kuphela lapho amasethi ejeneretha kadizili angasebenza khona ngokuqina nangokuthembekile ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla okuphuthumayo, ekukhiqizweni okuqhubekayo nakwezinye izimo, okudala inani elikhulu kubasebenzisi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-16-2026
