Njengemishini yokuphakelwa kukagesi ehlanganisiwe neyi-modular,iyunithi yesitsha esinogesi ophezuluisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla aphuthumayo, ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla ezindaweni ezikude nakwezinye izimo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokufakwa okulula, ukuvikelwa okuqinile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okubanzi. Phakathi kwazo, imodeli engu-10.5kV iyilungiselelo elijwayelekile ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela zamanje, futhi ingavumelanisa nezimo nezidingo ezahlukene zezinga lamandla kagesi njenge-6.3kV, 6kV kanye ne-11kV. Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngokucushwa kukagesi okuphelele kweyunithi yesitsha esine-voltage ephezulu, kufaka phakathi uhlelo oluyinhloko, izikhungo ezisizayo, iziqinisekiso zokuphepha kanye namazinga okusebenzisa, okuhlinzeka ngezinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziphelele zokukhetha, ukufaka kanye nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kweyunithi.
Ukucushwa kukagesi kweyunithi yesitsha esine-voltage ephezulu kusekelwe kumapharamitha alinganisiwe, okuchaza ububanzi obufanele kanye nesilinganiso sokusebenza kweyunithi. I-voltage elinganisiwe yeyunithi ingu-10.5kV (i-voltage yomugqa), isebenzisa imodi yokunikezwa kwamandla yesigaba ezintathu engu-50Hz, amandla alinganisiwe ajwayelekile amboza u-800kW ~ 3000kW, futhi isivinini esilinganisiwe sigcinwa sizinzile ku-1500rpm ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuqina kokunikezwa kwamandla. Ijeneretha isebenzisa imodi yokuxhumeka kwe-Y yesigaba ezintathu, futhi iphuzu elingathathi hlangothi lisekelwe nge-resistor ye-NGR, ekhawulela ngempumelelo amandla omhlaba futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kohlelo; ikilasi lokufakelwa lifinyelela ku-Class H, futhi ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuhlolwa ngokuya nge-Class F, engazivumelanisa nezidingo zokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi; ngokwesigaba sokuvikela, ijeneretha yi-IP23, kanti umzimba oyinhloko wesitsha yi-IP54/IP55, engamelana ngempumelelo nokungena kothuli lwangaphandle, amanzi emvula nokunye ukungcola, futhi ifanele ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yangaphandle neyomile.
Uhlelo oluyinhloko lwejenereyitha luwumgogodla wokunikezwa kwamandla kweyunithi, futhi ukucushwa kwalo kunquma ngqo ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalolu hlelo iyijenereyitha ehambisanayo engenamabhulashi, engakhethwa njengohlobo oluthwala okukodwa noma oluthwala kabili ngokwezidingo. Lo mkhiqizo kungcono ube yimikhiqizo edumile emhlabeni wonke njengeStamford, Leroy Somer kanye neMeccalte, noma imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwamandla aphezulu asekhaya enokusebenza okulinganayo. Indlela yokuvuselela isebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kwamagnetic okuhlala njalo kwe-PMG kuhlanganiswe ne-AVR yedijithali. Lokhu kucushwa akugcini nje ngokuba nekhono elihle lokulwa nokuhlanekezela, kodwa futhi kungafeza ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi okunembile, phakathi kwawo izinga lokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi elizinzile lingu-≤±0.25%, futhi amandla okuvuselela amandla angafinyelela ku-10s 300% ukulayisha ngokweqile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi isakwazi ukugcina ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi lapho umthwalo ushintshashintsha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuphambuka kwesimo se-voltage yejeneretha lingu-≤3% (izimo zokungathwali umthwalo kanye nengxenye yomthwalo), ukumelana kokushisa okubandayo (15–35℃) kungu-≥2MΩ, kanti i-voltage yokumelana nemvamisa yamandla ingathwala umzuzu ongu-1 ongu-42kV (ukuya phansi), okuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokushisa nokumelana nezidingo ze-voltage zemishini ye-voltage ephezulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwesistimu, le yunithi ifakwe ikhabhinethi yokumisa engathathi hlangothi (i-NGR), equkethe ama-resistor okumisa umhlaba, ama-transformer wamanje, amadivayisi okuvikela amaphutha omhlaba, amaswishi okuzihlukanisa, izibani zezinkomba nezinye izingxenye. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukhawulela ugesi wephutha lomhlaba, ukucindezela i-overvoltage, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukukhubeka kohlelo lokuvikela i-relay ukunciphisa ingozi yokwanda kwamaphutha.
Uhlelo lokushintsha amandla olune-voltage ephezulu luyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekudlulisweni nasekusabalalisweni kwamandla kagesi eyunithi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-switchgear enamandla aphezulu, ikhabhinethi ye-PT kanye nekhabhinethi ehambisanayo (elungiselelwe lapho amayunithi amaningi ehambisana). Phakathi kwawo, i-switchgear enamandla aphezulu, njengekhabhinethi yokuphuma kwejeneretha, ine-vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) njengengxenye yayo eyinhloko, ene-voltage elinganisiwe engu-12kV kanye nomthamo wokuphuka ongu-≥25kA, enganqamula ngokuthembekile i-fault current futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kohlelo. Ikhabhinethi ifakwe isigaba sokulinganisa nokuvikela (5P20) CT/PT, phakathi kwaso incazelo ye-PT ingu-10.5kV/0.1kV, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganisweni kwamandla kagesi, ukulawula ukuvumelanisa kanye nokuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu/okungangeni-voltage; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifakwe i-10kV zinc oxide arrester ukuvikela ngempumelelo ijeneretha kanye ne-transformer eyinhloko ekushayweni kwamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-switchgear nayo inemisebenzi yokuvikela amaphutha afushane, ukulayisha ngokweqile kanye nokuvikela amaphutha omhlaba, isekela imisebenzi yokuvula nokuvala ngesandla kanye nogesi, futhi ifakwe izinkomba zesikhundla kanye namadivayisi okuxhumanisa kagesi ukuvimbela ukusebenza kabi. Ikhabhinethi ye-PT iyilungiselelo lokuzikhethela, umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngamasignali kagesi, amasignali okuvumelanisa, imithombo yamandla kagesi kanye nokuvikela uhlelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokulawula nokuvikela. Lapho amayunithi amaningi edinga ukuhambisana, ikhabhinethi ehambisanayo iyadingeka. Ikhabhinethi ihlanganisa amadivayisi okuvumelanisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuvumelanisa ngesandla, inomehluko wemvamisa, umehluko we-voltage kanye nemisebenzi yokuxhumanisa umehluko we-engeli yesigaba, futhi ingafeza amandla okusabela okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwabelana kwamandla asebenzayo phakathi kwamayunithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kanye nomnotho wokusebenza okuhambisanayo.
Uhlelo lokulawula nokuvikela "luyingqondo" yokusebenza okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kweyunithi, oluhlanganisa amamojula amathathu: isilawuli seyunithi, ukuvikelwa kokudluliselwa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqapha kwendawo/kude. Isilawuli seyunithi kungcono sikhethe imikhiqizo eyaziwayo njenge-Deepsea DSE7320 kanye ne-ComAp noma imikhiqizo yasekhaya esebenza ngokulinganayo. Inemisebenzi yokuqalisa/yokuma okuzenzakalelayo kanye ne-AMF (ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo lapho amandla amakhulu ehluleka), futhi ingaqapha amapharamitha okusebenza abalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela njengokushisa kwamanzi, ingcindezi kawoyela, isivinini, i-voltage, yamanje, imvamisa kanye namandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yokuvikela efana ne-overvoltage/undervoltage, imvamisa/underfrequency, i-overcurrent, i-short circuit, isivinini esikhulu samanzi kanye nengcindezi ephansi kawoyela. Ingaqopha ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi lwamaphutha kanye nemicimbi yomlando, futhi isekele ukuxhumana okukude kwe-RS485/Ethernet, inikeze lula ukuphathwa kokusebenza nokugcinwa. Isivikelo sokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu sisebenzisa idivayisi yokuvikela i-microcomputer, ehlonyiswe ngemisebenzi yokuvikela ephelele, okuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kokwehluka kwejeneretha, ukuvikelwa kokuhamba ngokweqile/okusheshayo, ukuvikelwa kwamaphutha omhlaba (i-NGR side zero-sequence CT), ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi/okungaphansi kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi angaphezulu/okungaphansi kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwamandla angemuva (uma kuxhunywe kugridi). Ingasabela ngokushesha emaphutheni, inqume isekethe yamaphutha ngesikhathi, futhi inciphise ingozi yokulimala kwemishini. Ngokuphathelene nokuqapha, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela zasendaweni nezikude. Endaweni, iphaneli yokulawula enamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nephaneli yokulawula enamandla kagesi aphansi zihlelwe phakathi kolunye uhlangothi lwesitsha, zenza kube lula ukusebenza nokuqapha endaweni; kude, isekela izinqubo zokuxhumana ze-MODBUS TCP/4G/5G, futhi ingaxhunywa ohlelweni lwe-SCADA noma ipulatifomu yamafu ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha okukude kwesikhathi sangempela kwesimo sokusebenza kweyunithi, ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha kanye nesexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi samaphutha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle kokugcinwa.
Uhlelo lukagesi olusizayo olune-voltage ephansi lunikeza isiqinisekiso sokusebenza okuvamile kweyunithi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla aphansi e-AC400V kanye nohlelo lwe-DC24V DC. Ikhabhinethi yokusabalalisa amandla aphansi inikeza kakhulu amandla emishinini eyahlukahlukene yokusiza, okuhlanganisa imishini yokulwa nokubanda kanye neyokuvikela umswakama njengezifudumezi zamanzi, izifudumezi zesikhala kanye nezifudumezi zokususa umswakama, imishini kagesi yokulawula imvelo kanye neyesizayo efana nokukhanyisa izitsha, amasokhethi, abalandeli bokukhipha umswakama kanye nezivalo zikagesi, kanye nemishini yokuphepha nokulawula efana nezishaja, izinsiza zikagesi zokulawula kanye nezitholi zomlilo/intuthu; ikhabhinethi ifakwe i-MCCB, ama-miniature circuit breakers, amadivayisi okuvikela ukuvuza, izibani zezinkomba, ama-voltmeter/ama-ammeter, njll., ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kokunikezwa kukagesi okusizayo. Uhlelo lwe-DC24V DC, njengomthombo wamandla ophuthumayo nokulawula weyunithi, lusebenzisa amabhethri okugcina i-lead-acid noma okushisa okuphansi angama-24V angenakho ukulungiswa anomthamo ongu-150–200Ah, futhi lufakwe ishaja ehlakaniphile entantayo/elinganayo ene-voltage yokufaka ye-AC400V, engenza ukushaja nokukhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwamabhethri okugcina; ngesikhathi esifanayo, lufakwe iswishi yokuhlukanisa ibhethri (ekhiywayo), i-fuse kanye nedivayisi yokuqapha i-insulation ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphepha kohlelo lwe-DC, futhi lugweme umthelela wokwehluleka kokunikezwa kwamandla e-DC ekuqaleni nasekusebenzeni okuvamile kweyunithi.
Uhlelo lokuvusa kanye ne-AVR luyisistimu eyisizayo eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage yejeneretha, esebenza ngokubambisana nohlelo oluyinhloko lwejeneretha. Iyunithi isebenzisa imodi yokuvusa engenamabhulashi engapheli ye-PMG (ukucushwa okujwayelekile). Uma iqhathaniswa nemodi yokuvusa yendabuko, inezinzuzo zekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphambuka, ukusebenza okuthembekile kokuqala kanye nokugcinwa okulula, futhi ingazivumelanisa nezidingo zezimo ezahlukene zomthwalo. Njengenhloko yokulawula yohlelo lokuvusa, i-digital automatic voltage regulator (AVR) ayikwazi nje kuphela ukufeza ukulawulwa kwe-voltage okuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage yokukhipha yejeneretha, kodwa futhi isekele ukulawulwa kwamandla/amandla okusabela kanye nokwabelana kwamandla okusabela ngesikhathi sokusebenza okufanayo, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nomnotho wokusebenza kweyunithi.
Ikhebula, i-busbar kanye nohlelo lokufaka isisekelo "yimthambo wegazi" yokwakheka kukagesi, okuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi. Ikhebula le-high voltage likhetha ikhebula le-YJV22-8.7/10kV eliyinhloko yethusi elivimbela ilangabi, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwejeneretha, ikhabhinethi ye-high voltage kanye nekhabhinethi ye-NGR, futhi linezici zokunciphisa ilangabi, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala; ikhebula le-low voltage likhetha imininingwane ye-ZR-YJV 0.6/1kV, kanti ikhebula lokulawula likhetha ikhebula elivikelwe yi-ZR-KVV/KYJVP, elinokumelana namafutha, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuzinzile kwezimpawu zokulawula kanye namandla kagesi e-low voltage. Ikhabhinethi ye-high voltage isebenzisa i-copper busbar (TMY) ngokwelashwa kokunciphisa ukushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokufakwa kwamandla futhi kuvinjelwe amaphutha okujikeleza okufushane. Ngokuphathelene nohlelo lokumisa, igobolondo lesitsha kumele limiswe ngokuqinile (okungenani izindawo ezi-2), futhi yonke imishini kagesi efana ne-generator neutral point, ikhabhinethi ene-voltage ephezulu, ikhabhinethi ye-NGR kanye nekhabhinethi ene-voltage ephansi ixhunywe kugridi yokumisa ehlanganisiwe. Ukumelana nokumisa kuyadingeka kube yi-≤4Ω, okukhipha ngempumelelo ugesi wephutha futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha kwemishini nabasebenzi.
Uhlelo lokuphepha nokuxhumanisa luyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokusebenza kweyunithi, esiqeda izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona ngezinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela. Idivayisi yokuxhumanisa umnyango ene-voltage ephezulu ingafeza umsebenzi wokucima noma ukukhiya lapho umnyango uvulwa, ivimbele abasebenzi ukuthi bangene endaweni ene-voltage ephezulu ngephutha futhi ibangele izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi; idivayisi yokuxhumanisa kagesi ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukusebenza kabi njengokuvala ngommese womhlaba kanye nokuvala ngogesi, iqinisekise ukuphepha kwemishini; idivayisi yokumisa eziphuthumayo isebenzisa imodi yokulawula enezindlela ezintathu emshinini, iphaneli yokulawula kanye ne-remote, engamisa umshini ngokushesha uma kwenzeka amaphutha angazelelwe, inciphise ukulahleka kwamaphutha; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpawu zokuphepha ezifana nengozi ene-voltage ephezulu, ukungabikho kokuvala, izimpawu zokubeka phansi kanye nezibani zesexwayiso zifakwa esitsheni kanye nemishini kagesi ukukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuthi banake ukuphepha.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezenzelwe wena zezimo ezahlukene, le yunithi iphinde inikeze ukulungiselelwa okuhlukahlukene ongakhetha kukho. Uma kudingeka ukusebenzisa iyunithi ene-voltage ephansi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ugesi okhuphukayo, i-transformer yohlobo lwebhokisi engu-400V → 10.5kV ingalungiselelwa; uma kudingeka ukwenza ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwamandla amakhulu neyunithi, idivayisi yokushintsha amandla amabili ingafaniswa; uma kudingeka ukuthuthukisa amakhono okusebenza nokulungisa kude, ibhokisi lokuqapha kude lingalungiselelwa, lihlanganise imisebenzi ye-4G/5G, i-GPS kanye nepulatifomu yamafu; ukuze kuqiniswe ukuphepha komlilo, uhlelo lokuvikela umlilo lwe-heptafluoropropane/aerosol lungalungiselelwa, lufaniswe nezitholi zomusi kanye nokushisa; ngezidingo zomsindo kanye nokushisa, ukufudumala koboya bedwala obunezingqimba ezimbili, ukususwa komsindo wokungenisa umoya kanye nokukhipha umoya kanye nama-shutter kagesi kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa umsindo wokusebenza weyunithi futhi uzivumelanise nezimo zokushisa eziphansi.
Ukulungiswa kukagesi kweyunithi yesitsha esine-voltage ephezulu kulandela ngokuqinile amazinga afanele kazwelonke nawamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemishini kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Izindinganiso ezivamile zokusetshenziswa zifaka phakathi i-GB/T 2820 "Amasethi Okukhiqiza Amanje Aguquguqukayo Angaphakathi Okushintshana", i-GB/T 1029 "Izindlela Zokuhlola Zemishini Ehambisanayo Yezigaba Ezintathu", i-GB 50149 "Ikhodi Yokwakha Nokwamukelwa Kokufakwa Kwebhasi Kubunjiniyela Bokufaka Ugesi", i-GB 50217 "Ikhodi Yokuklama Amakhebula Obunjiniyela Bamandla" kanye ne-IEC 60034 "Imishini Kagesi Ejikelezayo". Konke ukucushwa kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile futhi kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-15-2026
