Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kwezindleko Zokukhiqiza Ugesi Zamayunithi Okukhiqiza Igesi Yemvelo

I. Ukwakheka Okuyinhloko Kwezindleko Zokukhiqiza Ugesi

Izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi okukhiqiza igesi yemvelo zithatha izindleko zikagesi ezilinganisiwe (LCOE) zomjikelezo wempilo yonke njengesibonakaliso sokubalwa kwezimali esiyinhloko, esihlanganisa imikhakha emithathu eyinhloko: izindleko zikaphethiloli, izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa. Ingxenye yalezi zintathu ikhombisa ukusatshalaliswa okusobala komehluko, phakathi kwazo izindleko zikaphethiloli zibusa futhi zinquma ngqo izinga lezindleko lilonke.

(I) Izindleko Zikaphethiloli: Isilinganiso Sezindleko Esiyinhloko, Umthelela Obaluleke Kakhulu Ovela Ekushintshashintsheni

Izindleko zikaphethiloli yisilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo. Idatha yokubala yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sayo ngokuvamile sifinyelela ku-60%-80%, futhi singadlula u-80% kwezinye izindawo zemakethe ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta ukuguquguquka kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ukubalwa kwezindleko zikaphethiloli kuncike kakhulu entengo yegesi yemvelo (kufaka phakathi intengo yokuthenga kanye nemali yokudlulisa kanye nokusabalalisa) kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla eyunithi. Ifomula yokubala eyinhloko yile: Izindleko zikaphethiloli (yuan/kWh) = Intengo Yeyunithi Yegesi Yemvelo (yuan/imitha ye-cubic) ÷ Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhiqizwa Kwamandla Eyunithi (kWh/imitha ye-cubic).

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lamanje lemboni evamile, intengo ejwayelekile yegesi yemvelo yasekhaya esitshalweni ingama-yuan angu-2.8/imitha yama-cubic. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamayunithi ajwayelekile e-combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) cishe kungama-5.5-6.0 kWh/imitha yama-cubic, okuhambisana nezindleko zokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli zamayunithi angaba ngu-0.47-0.51 yuan; uma kusetshenziswa amayunithi enjini yokushisa yangaphakathi esakazwayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli kungaba ngu-3.8-4.2 kWh/imitha yama-cubic, kanti izindleko zokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli zamayunithi zikhuphuka zibe ngu-0.67-0.74 yuan. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi cishe u-40% wegesi yemvelo yasekhaya kuncike ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ukuguquguquka kwamanani entengo ye-LNG yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinguquko ekukhiqizweni komthombo wegesi yasekhaya, ukuhlinzekwa, ukugcinwa kanye nephethini yokumaketha kuzodluliselwa ngqo ekugcineni kwezindleko zikaphethiloli. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okukhulu kwamanani entengo ye-spot ye-Asian JKM ngo-2022, izindleko zikaphethiloli zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eyunithi zamabhizinisi kagesi asebenzisa igesi asekhaya zake zadlula u-0.6 yuan, zidlula kakhulu ububanzi be-break-even.

(II) Izindleko Zokutshalwa Kwezimali Ezakhiweni: Isilinganiso Esizinzile Sokutshalwa Kwezimali Okungaguquki, Ukwehla Kusizwa Ukwenziwa Kwendawo

Izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha ziwukutshalwa kwezimali okuhleliwe kanye kuphela, okuhlanganisa kakhulu ukuthengwa kwemishini, ubunjiniyela bezakhiwo, ukufakwa kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza, izindleko zokuthengwa komhlaba kanye nezindleko zezimali. Isilinganiso sayo ezindlekweni zokukhiqizwa kwamandla omjikelezo wempilo yonke singaba ngu-15%-25%, futhi izici eziyinhloko ezithonyayo izinga lobuchwepheshe bemishini kanye nezinga lokufakwa kwendawo.

Ngokombono wokuthengwa kwemishini, ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bama-turbine egesi anzima sekuyisikhathi eside bulawulwa yizinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi amanani emishini engenisiwe kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile ahlala ephezulu. Izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zeyunithi ye-kilowatt engaguquki yephrojekthi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ehlanganisiwe eyisigidi sama-kilowatt cishe ziyi-yuan ezingama-4500-5500, phakathi kwazo i-turbine yegesi kanye ne-boiler yokushisa esetshenziswayo esekela cishe ama-45% emali yonke yokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi asekhaya asheshise ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Amabhizinisi afana ne-Weichai Power kanye ne-Shanghai Electric aqaphele kancane kancane ukwenziwa kwendawo kwamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo aphakathi nendawo kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko, enciphisa izindleko zokuthenga imishini efanayo ngo-15%-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo engenisiwe, ehlisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha iyonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthamo wamayunithi kanye nezimo zokufaka nazo zithinta izindleko zokwakha. Amayunithi amancane asatshalaliswa anemijikelezo yokufaka emifushane (izinyanga ezi-2-3 kuphela), ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kobunjiniyela bomphakathi, kanye nezindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zeyunithi ye-kilowatt ephansi kuneziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe; nakuba amayunithi amakhulu omjikelezo ahlanganisiwe anotshalomali olukhulu lokuqala, anezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza ugesi futhi anganciphisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kwamayunithi ngokukhiqizwa kukagesi okukhulu.

(III) Izindleko Zokusebenza Nokulungisa: Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuqhubekayo Kwesikhathi Eside, Indawo Enhle Yokuthuthukisa Ubuchwepheshe

Izindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa ziwukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo emjikelezweni wokuphila ogcwele, okuhlanganisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kwemishini, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye, izindleko zabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela wokugcoba, ukwelashwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll. Isilinganiso sayo ezindleleni zokukhiqizwa kwamandla omjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele singaba ngu-5%-10%. Ngokombono womkhuba wemboni, izindleko eziyinhloko zokusebenza nokulungisa izindleko zokushintsha izingxenye ezibalulekile nezinsizakalo zokulungisa, phakathi kwazo izindleko zokulungisa eziphakathi nendawo ze-turbine eyodwa enkulu yegesi zingafinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-300, kanti izindleko zokushintsha izingxenye eziyinhloko ziphakeme kakhulu.

Amayunithi anamazinga ahlukene obuchwepheshe anomehluko omkhulu ezindleleni zokusebenza nokulungisa: yize amayunithi akhiqizayo asebenza kahle kakhulu enotshalomali olukhulu lokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukawoyela wokugcoba kuyingxenye eyodwa kuphela kweshumi lamayunithi avamile, ngemijikelezo emide yokushintsha uwoyela kanye namathuba aphansi okuvala ukungasebenzi, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuvala; ngokuphambene nalokho, amayunithi abuyela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe anokwehluleka njalo, okungagcini nje ngokwandisa izindleko zokushintsha izingxenye, kodwa futhi kuthinta imali engenayo yokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngenxa yokuvala ugesi, okukhuphula ngokungaqondile izindleko eziphelele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza nokulungisa bendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuxilonga ezihlakaniphile, izindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa amayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo yasekhaya ziye zehla kancane kancane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokulungisa elizimele lezingxenye eziyinhloko kuye kwehlisa izindleko zokushintsha ngaphezulu kuka-20%, futhi isikhathi sokulungisa selulelwe emahoreni angu-32,000, okucindezela kakhulu isikhala sezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa.

II. Izinguquko Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Ugesi

Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziyinhloko ezingenhla, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo nazo zithinteka yizinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo ezifana nendlela yokusebenza kwentengo yegesi, ukuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yekhabhoni, ukwakheka kwesifunda kanye namahora okusetshenziswa kwamayunithi, phakathi kwazo umthelela wendlela yokusebenza kwentengo yegesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yekhabhoni kufinyelela kude kakhulu.

(I) Indlela Yokusebenza Kwentengo Kaphethiloli kanye Nesiqinisekiso Somthombo Kaphethiloli

Ukuqina kwamanani kaphethiloli wemvelo kanye namamodeli okuthengwa kunquma ngqo ukuthambekela kwezindleko zikaphethiloli, bese kuthinta izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zizonke. Njengamanje, intengo kaphethiloli wemvelo wasekhaya yakhe indlela yokuxhumanisa "intengo yokulinganisa + intengo entantayo". Intengo yokulinganisa ixhunywe kumanani kaphethiloli ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe kanye namanani e-LNG, futhi intengo entantayo ilungiswa ngokuya ngokunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo. Ukuguquguquka kwamanani kudluliselwa ngqo ekugcineni kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Umthamo wesiqinisekiso somthombo kaphethiloli nawo uthinta izindleko. Ezifundeni zesikhungo somthwalo njengeYangtze River Delta kanye nePearl River Delta, iziteshi zokwamukela i-LNG ziningi, izinga lokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi liphezulu, izindleko zokudluliswa nokusabalalisa ziphansi, ukuhlinzekwa komthombo kaphethiloli kuzinzile, futhi izindleko zikaphethiloli ziyalawuleka; ngenkathi esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, sinqunyelwe yizindawo zokusatshalaliswa komthombo kaphethiloli kanye nezindawo zokusatshalaliswa, izindleko zokudluliswa nokusabalalisa igesi yemvelo ziphezulu, zikhuphula izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi akhiqiza esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angavala amanani omthombo kaphethiloli ngokusayina izivumelwano zokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli zesikhathi eside, egwema ngempumelelo izingozi zezindleko ezibangelwa ukuguquguquka kwamanani kaphethiloli wamazwe ngamazwe.

(II) Ukuqondiswa Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nendlela Yemakethe

Izindlela zenqubomgomo zithinta kakhulu izindleko eziphelele kanye namazinga emali engenayo yamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo ngokudluliselwa kwezindleko kanye nesinxephezelo semali engenayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iShayina iye yakhuthaza kancane kancane ukuguqulwa kwentengo kagesi enezingxenye ezimbili yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi wemvelo, eye yaqala ukusetshenziswa ezifundazweni ezifana neShanghai, Jiangsu kanye neGuangdong. Ukubuyiswa kwezindleko ezihleliwe kuqinisekisiwe ngentengo yamandla, futhi intengo yamandla ixhunywe nentengo kaphethiloli ukuze kudluliselwe izindleko zikaphethiloli. Phakathi kwazo, iGuangdong inyuse intengo yamandla isuka ku-100 yuan/kW/ngonyaka yaya ku-264 yuan/kW/ngonyaka, engamboza u-70%-80% wezindleko ezihleliwe zephrojekthi, okunciphisa ngempumelelo inkinga yokudluliselwa kwezindleko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubomgomo yesinxephezelo yamayunithi okuqala okusheshayo emakethe yesevisi yokusiza ithuthukise kakhulu isakhiwo semali engenayo yamaphrojekthi kagesi asebenzisa igesi. Intengo yesinxephezelo somthethonqubo ophezulu kwezinye izifunda ifinyelele ku-0.8 yuan/kWh, okuphakeme kakhulu kunemali engenayo evamile yokukhiqizwa kwamandla.

(III) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemakethe Yekhabhoni kanye Nezinzuzo Eziphansi Zekhabhoni

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemakethe kazwelonke yokuhweba ngamalungelo okukhipha ikhabhoni, izindleko zekhabhoni ziye zafakwa ngaphakathi kancane kancane, zaba yinto ebalulekile ethinta umnotho ohlobene wamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo. Ukuqina kokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kweyunithi yamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo cishe kungama-50% wamandla asebenzisa amalahle (cishe amagremu angu-380 e-CO₂/kWh uma kuqhathaniswa namagremu angu-820 e-CO₂/kWh wamandla asebenzisa amalahle). Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokukhuphuka kwamanani ekhabhoni, izinzuzo zayo zekhabhoni ephansi ziyaqhubeka nokuba sobala. Intengo yekhabhoni yasekhaya yamanje icishe ibe yi-50 yuan/ton ye-CO₂, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ibe yi-150-200 yuan/ton ngo-2030. Uma sibheka iyunithi eyodwa engu-600,000-kilowatt enokukhishwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani ayizigidi ezintathu ze-CO₂ njengesibonelo, amandla asebenzisa amalahle kuzodingeka athwale izindleko ezengeziwe zekhabhoni ezingama-450-600 million yuan ngonyaka ngaleso sikhathi, kuyilapho amandla asebenzisa igesi engama-40% kuphela amandla asebenzisa amalahle, futhi igebe lezindleko phakathi kwamandla asebenzisa igesi namandla asebenzisa amalahle lizoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi kagesi asebenzisa igesi angazuza imali eyengeziwe ngokuthengisa izilinganiso zekhabhoni ezengeziwe esikhathini esizayo, okulindeleke ukuthi kuncishiswe izindleko zikagesi ezilinganiswe ngomjikelezo wempilo yonke ngo-3%-5%.

(IV) Amahora Okusetshenziswa Kweyunithi

Amahora okusetshenziswa kweyunithi athinta ngqo umphumela wokuncishiswa kwezindleko ezizinzile. Uma amahora okusetshenziswa ephezulu, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eyunithi ziyancipha. Amahora okusetshenziswa kwamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo ahlobene eduze nezimo zokusetshenziswa: iziteshi zamandla ezihlanganisiwe, njengemithombo yamandla yokulawula ephezulu, ngokuvamile zinamahora okusetshenziswa angamahora angu-2500-3500; iziteshi zamandla ezisatshalaliswayo, eziseduze nesidingo somthwalo wokugcina wamapaki ezimboni nezikhungo zedatha, zingafinyelela amahora okusetshenziswa angamahora angu-3500-4500, kanti izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eyunithi zingancishiswa ngo-0.03-0.05 yuan/kWh. Uma amahora okusetshenziswa engaphansi kwamahora angu-2000, izindleko eziqinile azikwazi ukuncishiswa ngempumelelo, okuzoholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eziphelele kanye nokulahlekelwa.

III. Isimo Sezindleko Zamanje Zemboni

Kuhlanganiswe nedatha yamanje yemboni, ngaphansi kwesimo sokulinganisa sentengo yegesi yemvelo engu-2.8 yuan/cubic meter, amahora okusetshenziswa amahora angu-3000 kanye nentengo yekhabhoni engu-50 yuan/ton ye-CO₂, izindleko zikagesi ezilinganiswe ngomjikelezo wempilo yonke zamaphrojekthi ajwayelekile e-combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) cishe zingu-0.52-0.60 yuan/kWh, ziphakeme kancane kunezamandla asebenzisa amalahle (cishe u-0.45-0.50 yuan/kWh), kodwa ziphansi kakhulu kunezindleko eziphelele zamandla avuselelekayo ngesitoreji samandla (cishe u-0.65-0.80 yuan/kWh).

Ngokombono wokwehluka kwesifunda, ukuzuza ekuhlinzekweni komthombo wegesi ozinzile, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwamukelwa kwentengo ephezulu yekhabhoni, izindleko zikagesi ezilinganiswe ngomjikelezo wempilo yonke zezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa igesi ezifundeni zesikhungo somthwalo njengeYangtze River Delta kanye nePearl River Delta zingalawulwa ku-0.45-0.52 yuan/kWh, okunesisekelo sezomnotho sokuncintisana namandla asebenzisa amalahle; phakathi kwabo, njengomshayeli wokuhweba ngekhabhoni, intengo yekhabhoni emaphakathi yaseGuangdong ngo-2024 yafinyelela ku-95 yuan/ton, kuhlanganiswe nendlela yokukhokha amandla, inzuzo yezindleko isobala kakhulu. Esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, esinqunyelwe yisiqinisekiso somthombo wegesi kanye nezindleko zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eyunithi ngokuvamile ziphakeme kune-0.60 yuan/kWh, kanti umnotho wephrojekthi ubuthakathaka.

Ngokombono wemboni iyonke, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo zibonisa ukuthambekela kokwenza ngcono "okuphansi esikhathini esifushane nokuthuthuka esikhathini eside": esikhathini esifushane, ngenxa yamanani aphezulu egesi kanye namahora okusetshenziswa aphansi kwezinye izifunda, isikhala senzuzo sinqunyelwe; esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside, ngokuhlukahluka kwemithombo yegesi, ukwenziwa kwemishini endaweni, ukukhuphuka kwamanani ekhabhoni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zenqubomgomo, izindleko zizoncipha kancane kancane. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2030, izinga langaphakathi lembuyiselo (IRR) yamaphrojekthi kagesi asebenza kahle asebenzisa igesi anamakhono okuphatha impahla yekhabhoni lizoba lizinzile ebangeni elingu-6%-8%.

IV. Iziqondiso Eziyinhloko Zokuthuthukisa Izindleko

Kuhlanganiswe nokwakheka kwezindleko kanye nezici ezithonyayo, ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo kudinga ukugxila ezintweni ezine ezibalulekile "zokulawula uphethiloli, ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza nokugcinwa, kanye nokujabulela izinqubomgomo", futhi kufezekiswe ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwezindleko eziphelele ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza kanye nokuxhumana kwenqubomgomo.

Okokuqala, qinisa ukuhlinzekwa kwemithombo yegesi futhi ulawule izindleko zikaphethiloli. Qinisa ukubambisana nabaphakeli begesi yemvelo abakhulu basekhaya, usayine izivumelwano zokuhlinzekwa kwegesi zesikhathi eside ukuze kuvinjwe amanani emithombo yegesi; khuthaza ukuhlelwa okuhlukahlukene kwemithombo yegesi, uthembele ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-shale yasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano zesikhathi eside zokungenisa i-LNG ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika emananini egesi ye-spot yamazwe ngamazwe; ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa uhlelo lokushiswa kweyunithi, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla, futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngeyunithi ngayinye yokukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Okwesibili, khuthaza ukwenziwa kwemishini endaweni ethile futhi unciphise ukutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha. Khulisa njalo ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko, dlula enkingeni yokwenziwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile zama-turbine egesi asebenza kanzima, futhi unciphise izindleko zokuthenga imishini; lungiselela izinqubo zokuklama nokufaka iphrojekthi, unciphise umjikelezo wokwakha, futhi unciphise izindleko zezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kobunjiniyela bokwakha; khetha umthamo wamayunithi ngokufanele ngokwezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze kufezwe ibhalansi phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali nokusebenza kahle.

Okwesithathu, thuthukisa imodeli yokusebenza nokugcinwa kanye nokucindezela izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Yakha ipulatifomu yokuxilonga ehlakaniphile, thembela ku-big data kanye nobuchwepheshe be-5G ukuze uthole isixwayiso esinembile kusenesikhathi ngesimo sempilo yemishini, futhi ukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwemodeli yokusebenza nokugcinwa kusuka "ekulungisweni okungenamsebenzi" kuya "esixwayisweni sokuqala esisebenzayo"; khuthaza ukwenziwa kwendawo kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza nokugcinwa, misa ithimba lochwepheshe lokusebenza nokugcinwa, thuthukisa amandla okugcinwa okuzimele kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, futhi unciphise izindleko zokugcinwa nokufakwa kwezingxenye; khetha amayunithi asebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze unciphise amathuba okuvalwa kokwehluleka kanye nokusetshenziswa okudliwayo.

Okwesine, xhumanisa ngokunembile nezinqubomgomo bese uthola imali engenayo eyengeziwe. Phendula ngenkuthalo ezinqubweni ezifana nentengo kagesi enezingxenye ezimbili kanye nesinxephezelo sokulawula okuphezulu, futhi ulwele ukudluliselwa kwezindleko kanye nokusekelwa kwesinxephezelo semali engenayo; hlela uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yekhabhoni ngendlela ephumelelayo, sebenzisa ngokugcwele indlela yemakethe yekhabhoni ukuze uthole imali engenayo eyengeziwe ngokuthengisa ama-quota ekhabhoni amaningi kanye nokubamba iqhaza kumathuluzi ezezimali yekhabhoni, futhi uthuthukise isakhiwo sezindleko; khuthaza ukwakheka kwamandla amaningi okuhambisana ne-"gas-photovoltaic-hydrogen", uthuthukise amahora okusetshenziswa kwamayunithi, futhi unciphise izindleko ezihleliwe.

V. Isiphetho

Izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi okukhiqiza igesi yemvelo zigxile ezindleleni zikaphethiloli, ezisekelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali zokwakha kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa, futhi zithinteka ngokubambisana yizici eziningi ezifana nentengo kaphethiloli, inqubomgomo, imakethe yekhabhoni kanye nokuhlelwa kwesifunda. Umnotho wayo awuncikile nje kuphela ezingeni layo lobuchwepheshe kanye namandla okuphatha, kodwa futhi nasekubopheni okujulile kwephethini yemakethe yamandla kanye nokuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo. Njengamanje, yize izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi okukhiqiza igesi yemvelo ziphakeme kancane kunezamandla asebenzisa amalahle, ngokuthuthuka komgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili", ukukhuphuka kwentengo yekhabhoni kanye nokuthuthuka kwendawo yemishini, izinzuzo zayo zekhabhoni ephansi kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho zizobonakala kancane kancane.

Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo, ukuphakelwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokumaketha kanye nokujula kokuguqulwa kwemakethe yamandla kanye nemakethe yekhabhoni, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla zamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo zizothuthukiswa kancane kancane, zibe ukwesekwa okubalulekile kokuxhumanisa amandla avuselelekayo aphezulu kanye nokuphepha kwamandla. Kumabhizinisi ezimboni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokunembile izici ezithinta izindleko, ukugxila eziqondisweni zokuthuthukisa eziyinhloko, kanye nokunciphisa njalo izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eziphelele ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsiza kanye nokuxhumana kwenqubomgomo, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwamayunithi akhiqiza igesi yemvelo, nokusiza ekwakhiweni kohlelo olusha lwamandla kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla.