Okokuqala, sidinga ukunciphisa ububanzi bengxoxo ukuze sigweme ukuyenza ingacacile kakhulu. Ijenereyitha okuxoxwe ngayo lapha ibhekisela kujenereyitha ehambisanayo ye-AC engenamabhulashi, enezigaba ezintathu, kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi “ijenereyitha”.
Lolu hlobo lwejeneretha luqukethe okungenani izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezizokhulunywa ngazo engxoxweni elandelayo:
Ijenereyitha eyinhloko, ehlukaniswe nge-stator eyinhloko kanye ne-rotor eyinhloko; I-rotor eyinhloko inikeza insimu yamagnetic, kanti i-stator eyinhloko ikhiqiza ugesi ukuze inikeze umthwalo; I-Exciter, ehlukaniswe nge-exciter stator kanye ne-rotor; I-exciter stator inikeza insimu yamagnetic, i-rotor ikhiqiza ugesi, futhi ngemva kokulungiswa yi-commutator ejikelezayo, inikeza amandla ku-rotor eyinhloko; I-Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) ithola i-voltage yokuphuma kwejenereyitha eyinhloko, ilawula ugesi we-exciter stator coil, futhi ifinyelela umgomo wokuzinzisa i-voltage yokuphuma kwe-stator eyinhloko.
Incazelo yomsebenzi wokuzinzisa i-voltage ye-AVR
Umgomo wokusebenza we-AVR ukugcina i-voltage yokukhipha yejeneretha ezinzile, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-voltage stabilizer”.
Umsebenzi wayo ukwandisa ugesi we-stator we-exciter lapho i-voltage yokuphuma kwejeneretha iphansi kunenani elibekiwe, okulingana nokwandisa ugesi wokuvusa we-rotor eyinhloko, okubangela ukuthi i-voltage yejeneretha eyinhloko ikhuphukele enanini elibekiwe; Ngokuphambene nalokho, yehlisa ugesi wokuvusa bese uvumela ugesi ukuthi wehle; Uma ugesi wokuphuma wejeneretha ulingana nenani elibekiwe, i-AVR igcina ugesi okhona ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngobudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwamanje kanye ne-voltage, imithwalo ye-AC ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
Umthwalo ophikisayo, lapho ugesi usesigabeni lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa khona; Umthwalo obangela ugesi, isigaba samandla kagesi sisala ngemuva kwe-voltage; Umthwalo we-capacitive, isigaba samandla kagesi singaphambi kwe-voltage. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezici ezintathu zomthwalo kusisiza siqonde kangcono imithwalo ye-capacitive.
Uma umthwalo ukhulu, kulapho kudingeka khona amandla okucindezela i-rotor eyinhloko (ukuze kuzinziswe i-voltage yokuphuma kwejeneretha).
Engxoxweni elandelayo, sizosebenzisa ugesi odingekayo wemithwalo yokumelana njengendinganiso yokubhekisela, okusho ukuthi emikhulu ibizwa ngokuthi emikhulu; Siyibiza ngokuthi incane kunayo.
Uma umthwalo wejenereyitha uvuselela, i-rotor eyinhloko izodinga ugesi omkhulu ukuze ijenereyitha igcine i-voltage yokuphuma eqinile.
Umthwalo we-capacitive
Uma ijenereyitha ihlangabezana nomthwalo we-capacitive, ugesi wokuvuselela odingwa yi-rotor eyinhloko uncane, okusho ukuthi ugesi wokuvuselela kumele wehliswe ukuze kuzinziswe ugesi wokukhipha wejenereyitha.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeke?
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ugesi osebenza kumthwalo we-capacitive ungaphambi kwe-voltage, futhi la ma-current ahamba phambili (ageleza nge-stator eyinhloko) azokhiqiza ugesi okhiqizwayo ku-rotor eyinhloko, okwenzeka ukuthi uhlanganiswe kahle nogesi ovuselelayo, okwandisa insimu yamagnetic ye-rotor eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke ugesi ovela ku-exciter kumele uncishiswe ukuze kulondolozwe ugesi ophumayo ozinzile.
Uma umthwalo we-capacitive umkhulu, kulapho umkhiqizo we-exciter uncipha khona; Lapho umthwalo we-capacitive ukhula ngezinga elithile, umkhiqizo we-exciter kumele wehliswe ube yi-zero. Umkhiqizo we-exciter ungu-zero, okuwumkhawulo wejeneretha; Kuleli qophelo, i-voltage yokukhipha yejeneretha ngeke izinze ngokwayo, futhi lolu hlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla alufaneleki. Lo mkhawulo waziwa nangokuthi 'ngaphansi komkhawulo wokukhuthaza'.
Ijeneretha ingamukela kuphela umthamo womthwalo olinganiselwe; (Yebo, kujeneretha ocacisiwe, kukhona nemikhawulo ngobukhulu bemithwalo yokumelana noma yokungenisa.)
Uma iphrojekthi ihlushwa yimithwalo ye-capacitive, kungenzeka ukhethe ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-IT ene-capacitance encane nge-kilowatt ngayinye, noma usebenzise ama-inductor ukuze uthole isinxephezelo. Ungavumeli isethi yejeneretha isebenze eduze kwendawo "engaphansi komkhawulo wokucindezela".
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-07-2023
