Izindaba - Ukuhlaziywa kwenkinga yokuxhumana phakathi kwamasethi ejeneretha kadizili kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla

Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yesiNgisi yezindaba ezine ezibalulekile mayelana nokuxhumana kwamasethi akhiqiza udizili kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Le hybrid energy system (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-Diesel + Storage” hybrid microgrid) iyisixazululo esithuthukisiwe sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile, kodwa ukulawula kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Uhlolojikelele Lwezinkinga Eziyinhloko

I-100ms Reverse Power Inkinga: Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukugcinwa kwamandla kusuka emandleni okuphakela emuva kuya kujeneretha kadizili, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikeleke.
I-Constant Power Output: Uyigcina kanjani injini kadizili isebenza ngokungaguquki endaweni yayo esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukunqanyulwa Kungazelelwe Kwesitoreji Samandla: Ungawusingatha kanjani umthelela lapho uhlelo lokugcina amandla luwa ngokuzumayo kunethiwekhi.
Inkinga Yamandla Asebenzayo: Ungaxhumanisa kanjani ukwabelana kwamandla asebenzayo phakathi kwemithombo emibili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwe-voltage.

1. Inkinga Yamandla Ahlehlayo ayi-100ms

Incazelo yenkinga:
Amandla ahlehlayo enzeka lapho amandla kagesi egeleza esuka ohlelweni lokugcina amandla (noma umthwalo) ebuyela kusethi yejeneretha likadizili. Enjinini kadizili, lokhu kusebenza “njengenjini,” eshayela injini. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ku:

Ukulimala Kwemishini: Ukushayela okungavamile kwenjini kungalimaza izingxenye ezifana ne-crankshaft nezinduku zokuxhuma.
Ukungaqini Kwesistimu: Kubangela ukushintshashintsha kwesivinini senjini kadizili (imvamisa) kanye nogesi, okungase kuholele ekuvaleni.

Imfuneko yokuyixazulula phakathi kuka-100ms ikhona ngenxa yokuthi amajeneretha edizili ane-inertia yemishini emikhulu futhi amasistimu awo alawula isivinini aphendula kancane (imvamisa ngokulandelana kwemizuzwana). Abakwazi ukuthembela kubo ukuze bacindezele ngokushesha lokhu kugeleza kukagesi emuva. Umsebenzi kufanele usingathwe Isistimu Yokuguqula Amandla esheshayo (PCS) yesistimu yokugcina amandla.

Isixazululo:

Isimiso Esiyinhloko: "Izihola zikadizili, isitoreji siyalandela." Kuwo wonke uhlelo, isethi yejeneretha kadizili isebenza njengomthombo wereferensi kagesi kanye nemvamisa (okungukuthi, imodi yokulawula ye-V/F), efana “negridi.” Isistimu yokugcina amandla isebenza ku-Constant Power (PQ) Control Mode, lapho amandla ayo okukhipha enqunywa kuphela imiyalo evela kusilawuli esiyinhloko.
Control Logic:
1. Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Isilawuli esiyinhloko sesistimu (noma i-PCS yesitoreji ngokwayo) siqapha amandla okukhiphayo (P_diesel) kanye nesiqondiso sejeneretha yedizili ngesikhathi sangempela ngesivinini esikhulu (isb., izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ngomzuzwana).
2. I-Power Setpoint: Indawo yokusetha amandla yesistimu yokugcina amandla (P_set) kumele anelise:P_layisha(ingqikithi yamandla omthwalo) =P_diesel+P_set.
3. Ukulungiswa Okusheshayo: Lapho umthwalo uyancipha ngokuzumayo, kubangelaP_dieselukuze kuthambekele okungekuhle, isilawuli kufanele phakathi kwama-millisecond ambalwa sithumele umyalo ku-PCS yesitoreji ukuze sehlise ngokushesha amandla ayo okukhipha noma sishintshele emandleni okumunca (ukushaja). Lokhu kudonsa amandla engeziwe kumabhethri, kuqinisekiseP_dieseluhlala unethemba.
Ukuvikela Ubuchwepheshe:
- Ukuxhumana Okushesha Kakhulu: Izivumelwano zokuxhumana ezinesivinini esikhulu (isb, ibhasi le-CAN, i-Ethernet esheshayo) ziyadingeka phakathi kwesilawuli sikadizili, i-PCS yesitoreji, nesilawuli esiyinhloko sesistimu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubambezeleka komyalo okuncane.
- Ukusabela Okusheshayo kwe-PCS: Amayunithi e-PCS esitoreji sesimanje anezikhathi zokuphendula amandla ngokushesha kakhulu kuno-100ms, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-10ms, okuwenza akwazi ngokugcwele ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko.
- Ukuvikela Okungafuneki: Ngale kwesixhumanisi sokulawula, i-reverse yokuvikela amandla ivamise ukufakwa endaweni ephumayo yejeneretha yedizili njengesithiyo sokugcina sehadiwe. Nokho, isikhathi sayo sokusebenza singaba ama-millisecond angamakhulu ambalwa, ngakho-ke isebenza njengesivikelo sokulondoloza; ukuvikelwa okusheshayo okuyisisekelo kuncike ohlelweni lokulawula.

2. Ukukhipha Amandla Okuqhubekayo

Incazelo yenkinga:
Izinjini zikadizili zisebenza ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu uphethiloli kanye nokukhipha umoya omncane phakathi kwebanga lomthwalo elicishe libe ngu-60% -80% wamandla azo alinganiselwe. Imithwalo ephansi idala "i-stacking emanzi" kanye nokwakheka kwekhabhoni, kuyilapho imithwalo ephezulu ikhuphula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi yehlisa isikhathi sokuphila. Umgomo uwukuhlukanisa udizili ekuguquguqukeni komthwalo, ukuyigcina izinzile endaweni ekahle yokubeka.

Isixazululo:

“Ukushefa Okuphakeme Nokugcwalisa Esigodini” Isu Lokulawula:
1. Setha I-Basepoint: Isethi yejeneretha yedizili isebenza ngokuphuma kwamandla okungaguquki esethwe endaweni yayo esebenza kahle kakhulu (isb., u-70% wamandla alinganiselwe).
2. Umthetho wesitoreji:
  - Lapho Isidingo Somthwalo > I-Diesel Setpoint: Amandla ashodayo (P_load - P_diesel_set) kulekelelwa ukuchithwa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla.
  - Lapho Isidingo Somthwalo < I-Diesel Setpoint: Amandla eqile (I-P_diesel_set - P_load) imuncwa ukushajwa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla.
Izinzuzo Zesistimu:
- Injini kadizili isebenza ngokungaguquki ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ngokushelela, yandisa impilo yayo futhi yehlisa nezindleko zokuyilungisa.
- Isistimu yokugcina amandla ishelela ukuguquguquka okukhulu komthwalo, ivimbele ukungasebenzi kanye nokuguga okubangelwa izinguquko ezivamile zomthwalo wedizili.
- Sekukonke ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwehle kakhulu.

3. Ukunqanyulwa Kungazelelwe Kwesitoreji Samandla

Incazelo yenkinga:
Isistimu yokugcina amandla ingase iyeke ku-inthanethi ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwebhethri, iphutha le-PCS, noma uhambo lokuvikela. Amandla abephathwa isitoreji ngaphambilini (noma ngabe ayadala noma ayadla) adluliswa ngokushesha esethi yejeneretha yedizili, okudala ukushaqeka okukhulu kwamandla.

Ubungozi:

Uma isitoreji besikhipha (isekela umthwalo), ukunqanyulwa kwaso kudlulisa umthwalo ogcwele kudizili, okungase kubangele ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukwehla kwemvamisa (isivinini), nokuvalwa kokuvikela.
Uma isitoreji besishaja (simunca amandla engeziwe), ukunqanyulwa kwaso kushiya amandla engeziwe edizili engenandawo angaya kuyo, okungase kubangele amandla ahlehlayo kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile, kuphinde kucuphe ukuvala shaqa.

Isixazululo:

I-Diesel Side Spinning Reserve: Isethi yejeneretha kadizili akumele ilinganiswe kuphela ngephuzu layo elisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kufanele ibe nomthamo oyisipele oguqukayo. Isibonelo, uma umthamo omkhulu wesistimu ungu-1000kW futhi udizili ugijima ku-700kW, umthamo olinganiselwe wedizili kufanele ube mkhulu kuno-700kW + nomthwalo wesinyathelo esikhulu kakhulu esingaba khona (noma amandla aphezulu esitoreji), isb, iyunithi engu-1000kW ekhethiwe, ehlinzeka ngesibhafa esingu-300kW lapho ukwehluleka kwesitoreji.
Ukulawula Ukulayisha Okusheshayo:
1. Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela Sesistimu: Iqapha ngokuqhubekayo isimo nokugeleza kwamandla kwesistimu yesitoreji.
2. Ukutholwa Kwephutha: Ngemva kokuthola ukunqanyulwa kwesitoreji kungazelelwe, isilawuli esikhulu masinyane sithumela isignali yokunciphisa umthwalo ngokushesha kusilawuli sikadizili.
3. Impendulo ngodizili: Isilawuli sikadizili sisebenza ngokushesha (isb., ukwehlisa ngokushesha umjovo kaphethiloli) ukuzama ukwehlisa amandla ukuze kufane nomthwalo omusha. Umthamo wokulondoloza ukuphotha uthenga isikhathi sale mpendulo yomshini ehamba kancane.
Indawo Yokungcebeleka Yokugcina: Ukuchithwa Kwemithwalo: Uma ukushaqeka kwamandla kukukhulu kakhulu ukuthi udizili ungawuphatha, ukuvikela okuthembeke kakhulu ukuthulula imithwalo engabalulekile, ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kwemithwalo ebalulekile kanye nejeneretha ngokwayo. Uhlelo lokucisha umthwalo luyisidingo esibalulekile sokuvikela ekwakhiweni kwesistimu.

4. Inkinga Yamandla Asebenzayo

Incazelo yenkinga:
Amandla asebenzayo asetshenziselwa ukusungula izizinda kazibuthe futhi abalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwamandla kagesi ezinhlelweni ze-AC. Kokubili ijeneretha yedizili kanye ne-PCS yokugcina kudinga ukubamba iqhaza ekulawuleni amandla asebenzayo.

I-Diesel Generator: Ilawula ukuphuma kwamandla asebenzayo kanye ne-voltage ngokulungisa i-excitation current yayo. Amandla ayo asebenzayo anomkhawulo, futhi impendulo yawo ihamba kancane.
I-Store PCS: Amayunithi amaningi esimanje e-PCS anamaquadrant amane, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukujova ngokuzimela futhi ngokushesha noma amunce amandla asebenzayo (inqobo nje uma engeqi isilinganiso sawo samandla esibonakalayo se-kVA).

Inselele: Ungakuxhumanisa kanjani kokubili ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile noma iyiphi iyunithi.

Isixazululo:

Amasu okulawula:
1. Udizili Ulawula Ugesi: Isethi yejeneretha kadizili isethwe kumodi ye-V/F, enesibopho sokusungula amandla kagesi wesistimu kanye nereferensi yefrikhwensi. Ihlinzeka “ngomthombo wamandla kagesi” ozinzile.
2. Isitoreji Sibamba iqhaza Kumthethonqubo Osebenzayo (Ongakukhetha):
  - Imodi ye-PQ: Isitoreji siphatha amandla asebenzayo kuphela (P), ngamandla asebenzayo (Q) setha kuqanda. Udizili unikeza wonke amandla asebenzayo. Lena indlela elula kodwa iwuthwalisa kanzima udizili.
  - I-Reactive Power Dispatch Mode: Isilawuli esiyinhloko sesistimu sithumela imiyalo yamandla asebenzayo (Q_set) ku-PCS yesitoreji ngokusekelwe kuzimo zamanje zamandla kagesi. Uma i-voltage yesistimu iphansi, yala isitoreji ukuthi sijove amandla asebenzayo; uma iphakeme, yiyale ukuthi imunce amandla asebenzayo. Lokhu kukhulula umthwalo kudizili, kuyivumela ukuthi igxile ekuphumeni kwamandla asebenzayo, kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngokuqiniswa kwe-voltage kakhudlwana nokushesha.
  - Imodi yokulawula ye-Power Factor (PF): Isici samandla esiqondiwe (isb., 0.95) siyasethwa, futhi isitoreji silungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphuma kwaso okusebenzayo ukuze sigcine isici samandla esiphelele esingashintshi kumatheminali ejeneretha likadizili.
Ukucatshangelwa Komthamo: I-PCS yokugcina kufanele ilinganiswe ngomthamo wamandla abonakalayo owanele (kVA). Isibonelo, i-PCS engu-500kW ekhipha amandla angu-400kW asebenzayo inganikeza umkhawulosqrt(500² - 400²) = 300kVArkwamandla asebenzayo. Uma isidingo samandla asebenzayo siphezulu, i-PCS enkulu iyadingeka.

Isifinyezo

Ukufinyelela ngempumelelo ukuxhumana okuzinzile phakathi kwesethi yejeneretha kadizili kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuncike ekulawuleni okulandelanayo:

Isendlalelo Sezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha: Khetha i-PCS yokugcina esabela ngokushesha kanye nesilawuli sejeneretha kadizili esinezindawo zokuxhumana ezinesivinini esikhulu.
Isendlalelo Sokulawula: Sebenzisa ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kokuthi "Isethi kadizili i-V/F, Isitoreji senza i-PQ." Isilawuli sesistimu enesivinini esikhulu senza ukuthunyelwa kwamandla kwesikhathi sangempela samandla asebenzayo "ukushefa okuphezulu / ukugcwaliswa kwesigodi" nokusekelwa kwamandla asebenzayo.
Isendlalelo Sokuvikela: Idizayini yesistimu kufanele ihlanganise izinhlelo zokuvikela eziphelele: ukuvikela amandla okuhlehla, ukuvikela ukugcwala kakhulu, kanye namasu okulawula umthwalo (ngisho nokucisha umthwalo) ukuze kusingathwe ukunqanyulwa kungazelelwe kwesitoreji.

Ngezixazululo ezichazwe ngenhla, izindaba ezine ezibalulekile oziphakamisile zingasingathwa ngempumelelo ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo lwamandla oluxubile okugcina udizili oluthembekile.